South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural terms. As commonly conceptualised, the modern states of South Asia include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. However, while Pakistan and Afghanistan are typically categorized as South Asian countries, their cultural, historical, and geopolitical identities are more complex, blending influences from South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East. As a result, their classification within South Asia remains a subject of debate.